History of thermodynamics

Content
1 Temperature

2 Energy
Caloric Theory
Benjamin Thompson, Graf von Rumford
Robert Julius Mayer
James Prescott Joule
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand (von) Helmholtz
Electro-magnetic Energy
Albert Einstein
Lorentz Transformation
E = m c2
Annus Mirabilis

3 Entropy
Heat Engines
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
Benoît Pierre mile Clapeyron
William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius
Second law of Thermodynamics
Exploitation of the Second Law
Terroristic Nimbus of Entropy and Second Law
Modern Version of Zeroth, First and Second Laws
What is Entropy?

4 Entropy as S = k ln W
Renaissance of the Atom in Chemistry
Elementary Kinetic Theory of Gases
James Clerk Maxwell
The Boltzmann Factor. Equipartition
Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann
Reversibility and Recurrence
Maxwell Demon
Boltzmann and Philosophy
Kinetic Theory of Rubber
Gibbs´s Statistical Mechanics
Other Extrapolations. Information

5 Chemical Potentials
Josiah Willard Gibbs
Entropy of Mixing. Gibbs Paradox
Homogeneity of Gibbs Free Energy for a Single Body
Gibbs Phase Rule
Law of Mass Action
Semi-permeable Membranes
On Definition and Measurement of Chemical Potentials
Osmosis
Raoult´s Law
Alternatives of the Growth of Entropy
Entropy and Energy in Competition
Phase Diagrams
Law of Mass Action for Ideal Mixtures
Fritz Haber
Socio-thermodynamics

6 Third law of Thermodynamics
Capitulation of Entropy
Inaccessibility of Absolute Zero
Diamond and Graphite
Hermann Walter Nernst
Liquifying Gases
Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals
Helium
Adiabatic Demagnetisation
He3-He4 Cryostats
Entropy of Ideal Gases
Classical Limit
Full Degeneration and Bose-Einstein Condensation
Satyendra Nath Bose
Bosons and Fermions. Transition probabilities

7 Radiation Thermodynamics
Black Bodies and Cavity Radiation
Violet Catastrophy
Planck Distribution
Energy Quanta
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
Photoelectric Effect and Light Quanta
Radiation and Atoms
Photons, a New Name for Light Quanta
Photon Gas
Convective Equilibrium
Arthur Stanley Eddington

8 Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes Phenomenological Equations

9 Fluctuations
Brownian Motion
Brownian Motion as a Stochastic Process
Mean Regression of Fluctuations
Auto-correlation Function
Extrapolation of Onsager´s Hypothesis
Light Scattering
More Information About Light Scattering

10 Relativistic Thermodynamics
Ferencz Jüttner
White Dwarfs
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
Maximum Characteristic Speed
? Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
? Adolf Fick
? George Gabriel Stokes
Carl Eckart
Onsager Relations
Rational Thermodynamics
Extended Thermodynamics
? Formal Structure
? Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems
? Growth and Decay of Waves
? Characteristic Speeds in Monatomic Gases
? Carlo Cattaneo
? Field Equations for Moments
? Shock Waves
? Boundary Conditions

11 Fluctuations
Brownian Motion
Brownian Motion as a Stochastic Process
Mean Regression of Fluctuations
Auto-correlation Function
Extrapolation of Onsager´s Hypothesis
Light Scattering
More Information About Light Scattering

13 Relativistic Thermodynamics
Ferencz Jüttner
White Dwarfs
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
Maximum Characteristic Speed

14 Metabolism
Carbon Cycle
Respiratory Quotient
Metabolic Rates
Digestive Catabolism
Tissue Respiration
Anabolism
On Thermodynamics of Metabolism
What is Life?
Boltzmann-Chernikov Equation
Ott-Planck Imbroglio
X Contents
Index


Total 335 pages 8 mb
Download