Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook

Content
1 Management of Industrial Wastes: Solids, Liquids, and Gases 1
1.1 Management of Industrial Wastewater 1
1.2 O&M Costs 10
1.3 Management of Solid Wastes from Industries 18
1.4 Management of Discharges to the Air 20
1.5 Bibliography 28

2 Fundamentals 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater 29
2.3 The Polar Properties of Water 30
2.4 Electrical and Thermodynamic Stability 33
2.5 Chemical Structure and Polarity of Water 36
2.6 Hydrogen Bonding 37
2.7 Polar Solvents versus Nonpolar Solvents 38
2.8 Emulsification 40
2.9 Colloidal Suspensions 43
2.10 Mixtures Made Stable by Chelating Agents 44
2.11 Summary 44
2.12 Examples 45
2.13 Bibliography 48





3 Laws and Regulations 49
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 History of Permitting and Reporting 49
3.3 Requirements 49
3.4 Water Pollution Control Laws 50
3.5 Groundwater Pollution Control Laws 52
3.6 Air Pollution Control Laws 55
3.7 Bibliography 60

4 Wastes from Industries 61
4.1 Chemical Descaling 61
4.2 Degreasing 62
4.3 Rinsing 64
4.4 Electroplating of Tin 65
4.5 The Copper Forming Industry 74
4.6 Prepared Frozen Foods 77
4.7 Wastes From De-inking 86
4.8 Die Casting: Aluminum, Zinc, and Magnesium 93
4.9 Anodizing and Alodizing 99
4.10 Production and Processing of Coke 103
4.11 The Wine-Making Industry 107
4.12 The Synthetic Rubber Industry 110
4.13 The Soft Drink Bottling Industry 119
4.14 Production and Processing of Beef, Pork, and Other Sources of Red Meat 124
4.15 Rendering of By-Products from the Processing of Meat, Poultry, and Fish 130
4.16 The Manufacture of Lead Acid Batteries 138
4.17 Bibliography 144

5 Industrial Stormwater Management 149
5.1 General 149
5.2 Federal Stormwater Regulations 149
5.3 Prevention of Groundwater Contamination 151
5.4 Stormwater Segregation, Collection, Retention, and Treatment 152
5.5 Design Storm 152
5.6 System Failure Protection 153
5.7 Stormwater Retention 153
5.8 Stormwater Treatment 153
5.9 Stormwater as a Source of Process Water Makeup 154
5.10 Bibliography 165

6 Wastes Characterization: The Wastes Characterization Study, Wastes Audit, and the Environmental Audit 166
6.1 Wastes Characterization Study 166
6.2 Wastes Audit 169
6.3 Environmental Audit 172
6.4 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater 179
6.5 Characteristics of Discharges to the Air 192
6.6 Sample Analysis 198
6.7 Ambient Air Sampling 198
6.8 Characteristics of Solid Waste Streams from Industries 201
6.9 Bibliography 205

7 Pollution Prevention 208
7.1 General Approach 209
7.2 Source Reduction 212
7.3 The Waste Audit 215
7.4 Benefits of Pollution Prevention 216
7.5 Bibliography 216

8 Methods for Treating Wastewaters from Industry 219
8.1 General 219
8.2 Principle and Nonprinciple Treatment Mechanisms 220
8.3 Waste Equalization 223
8.4 pH Control 227
8.5 Chemical Methods of Wastewater Treatment 230
8.6 Biological Methods of Wastewater Treatment 255
8.7 Development of Design Equations for Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastes 256
8.8 Physical Methods of Wastewater Treatment 322
8.9 Bibliography 394
9 Treatment and Disposal of Solid Wastes from Industry 397
9.1 Characterization of Solid Wastes 398
9.2 The Solid Waste Landfill 400
9.3 Solid Waste Incineration 409
9.4 The Process of Composting Industrial Wastes 421
9.5 Solidification and Stabilization of Industrial Solid Wastes 427
9.6 Bibliography 433

10 Methods for Treating Air Discharges from Industry 437
10.1 Reduction at the Source 437
10.2 Containment 437
10.3 Treatment 438
10.4 Bibliography 456
Index 461















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