Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization

1.Introduction
1.1.General
1.2 Modification and Stabilization
1.3 Soil and Rock Sampling
1.4 Degree of Representation
1.5 Safety Factors
1.6 Permanence
1.7 Failure Criteria
1.8 Summary
1.9 General References
1.10 Problems

2.Soil and Rock Properties
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Void Ratio and Porosity
2.3 Density and Relative Density
2.4 Permeability
2.5 Shear Strength
2.6 Consolidation Characteristics
2.7 Stress Transmission
2.8 Soil and Rock Classification
2.9 Rock Properties
2.10 Summary
2.11 References
2.12 Problems

3.Compaction
3.1 Density Measurements
3.2 Shallow Compaction
3.3 Deep Compaction
3.4 Deep Dynamic Compaction
3.5 Preloading
3.6 Blasting
3.7 Summary
3.8 References
3.9 Problems

4.Water Removal and Well pointing
4.1 Sumps
4.2 Drainage Ditches
4.3 Wellpoints
4.4 Deep Wells
4.5 Electro-Osmosis
4.6 Summary
4.7 References
4.8 Problems

5.Ground Freezing
5.1 General
5.2 Refrigeration Systems
5.3 Shallow Applications
5.4 Deep Applications
5.5 Permanence
5.6 Summary
5.7 References
5.8 Problems

6.Piling,Nailing,andMixing
6.1 Piling
6.2 SoilNailing
6.3 ReinforcedFill
6.4 ShallowSoilMixing
6.5 DeepSoilMixing
6.6 Summary
6.7 References
6.8 Problems

7.Slurry Walls and Trenches
7.1 General
7.2 Principles
7.3 Design and Construction
7.4 Summary
7.5 References
7.6 Problems

8.Biostabilization
8.1 Plantings
8.2 Microbial Stabilization
8.3 Summary
8.4 References
8.5 Problems
9.Grouting with Cement
9.1 Grout Materials
9.2 Portland Cement
9.3 Microne Cements
9.4 Jet Grouting
9.5 Compaction Grouting
9.6 Grouting for Dams
9.7 Summary
9.8 References
9.9 Problems

10.Chemical Grouts
10.1 General
10.2 History
10.3 Field Problems Amenable to Grouting
10.4 Grout Properties
10.5 The Ideal Chemical Grout
10.6 Summary
10.7 References
10.8 Problems

11.Commercial Chemical Grouts
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Grouting Materials
11.3 New Products
11.4 Comments and Summary
11.5 References
11.6 Problems

12.Grouting Theory
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Basic Considerations
12.3 Stability of Interface
12.4 Flow Through Soil Voids
12.5 Effect of Pumping Rate on Grout Flow
12.6 Effect of Pumping Pressure on Grout Flow
12.7 Fracturing
12.8 Summary
12.9 References
12.10 Problems

13.Grouting Technology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Point Injections
13.3 Injections Along a Grout Hole
13.4 Short Gel Times
13.5 Theory of Short Gel Times
13.6 Factors Related to the Use of Short Gel Times
13.7 Uniform Penetration in Stratifed Deposits
13.8 Grout Curtains
13.9 Summary
13.10 References
13.11 Problems

14.Field Equipment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Batch Pumping System
14.3 Two-TankSingle-PumpSystems
14.4 Equal Volume Systems
14.5 Metering Systems
14.6O the rChemical Grout Pumps
14.7 Components and Materials of Construction
14.8 Packers
14.9 GroutPipes
14.10 Instrumentation
14.11 Summary
14.12 References
14.13 Problems

15.Field Procedures and Tests
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Determination of Groutability
15.3 Field Pumping Tests
15.4 Field Permeability Tests
15.5 Use of Tracers
15.6 Additives
15.7 Pumping Rate
15.8 Pumping Pressure
15.9 Grouting in Pipes and Holes Manifolding
15.10 Use of Short Gel Times
15.11 Summary
15.12 References
15.13 Problems
16.Grouting to Shutoff Seepage
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Types of See page Problems
16.3 Laboratory Studies
16.4 Field Work
16.5 Summary
16.6 References
16.7 Problems

17.Grout Curtains
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Selection of Grout
17.3 Grout Curtain Patterns
17.4 Design of a Grout Curtain
17.5 Construction of a Grout Curtain
17.6 Rocky Reach Dam
17.7 Small Grout Curtains
17.8 Summary
17.9 References
17.10 Problems
18.Grouting for Strength
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Strength of Grouted Soils
18.3 Grouting for Stability
18.4 Summary
18.5 References
18.6 Problems

19.Grouting in Tunnel sand Shafts
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Shallow Tunnels
19.3 European Practice
19.4 Recent Developments in Tunnel Grouting Practice
19.5 Grout Patterns
19.6 SeikanTunnel
19.7 Shaft Grouting
19.8 Summary
19.9 References
19.10 Bibliography
19.11 Problems
20.Special Applications of Chemical Grouts
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Sewer Line Rehabilitation
20.3 Sampling of Sands,In Situ Density
20.4 Sealing Piezometers
20.5 Controlling Cement
20.6 Sealing Sheet Pile Interlocks
20.7 Summary

20.8 References

21.Specications,Supervision,andInspection
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Specifications for Chemical Grouting
21.3 Supervision of Grouting
21.4 Inspection of Grouting
21.5 Reasons for Unsuccessful Jobs
21.6 Summary
21.7 References
22.Containment of Hazardous Wastes
22.1 General
22.2 Early Disposal Methods
22.3 Detecting Pollution
22.4 Radioactive Wastes
22.5 Oil Spills
22.6 Bioremediation
22.7 Deep Well Injection
22.8 Barrier Walls
22.9 TreatmentMethods
22.10 Summary
22.11 References
22.12 Problems


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