Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook

Content
1 Management of Industrial Wastes: Solids, Liquids, and Gases 1
1.1 Management of Industrial Wastewater 1
1.2 O&M Costs 10
1.3 Management of Solid Wastes from Industries 18
1.4 Management of Discharges to the Air 20
1.5 Bibliography 28

2 Fundamentals 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater 29
2.3 The Polar Properties of Water 30
2.4 Electrical and Thermodynamic Stability 33
2.5 Chemical Structure and Polarity of Water 36
2.6 Hydrogen Bonding 37
2.7 Polar Solvents versus Nonpolar Solvents 38
2.8 Emulsification 40
2.9 Colloidal Suspensions 43
2.10 Mixtures Made Stable by Chelating Agents 44
2.11 Summary 44
2.12 Examples 45
2.13 Bibliography 48

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Design, Construction, and Operation SMALL WASTEWATER SYSTEMS

Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose 1-1
Applicability 1-2
References 1-3
Distribution Statement 1-4
Laws and Regulations 1-5

Chapter 2
Preliminary Data Requirements General 2-1
Recreational Facilities 2-2
Determination of Effluent Limitations 2-3
Site Selection Factors 2-4

Chapter 3
Wastewater Generation and Characterization General 3-1
Visitation and Length of Stay 3-2
Variations in Visitation 3-3
Water Usage and Wastewater Generation 3-4
Monthly and Daily Flow Distribution 3-5
Wastewater Characterization 3-6

Chapter 4
Collection Systems General 4-1
Absence of Pressurized Water Supply 4-2
Transport by Truck 4-3
Gravity Flow Systems 4-4
Force Main Systems 4-5
Alternative Wastewater Collection Systems 4-6

Chapter 5
Treatment Design Considerations General 5-1
Small Individual Units 5-2
Conventional Wastewater Treatment Facilities 5-3
Stabilization Ponds 5-4
Natural Systems for Wastewater Treatment 5-5
Man-Made Wetlands 5-6
Nutrient Removal 5-7
Sludge Treatment and Disposal 5-8
Disinfection of Wastewater Effluents 5-9

Chapter 6
Laboratory Design, Sampling, and Flow Monitoring General 6-1
Laboratory Design 6-2
Sampling and Analysis 6-3
Flow Monitoring 6-4

Chapter 7
Treatment Process Selection Overview 7-1
Site Visitation 7-2
Local Resources 7-3
Economic Considerations 7-4
Health Considerations 7-5
Aesthetic Considerations 7-6
Safety Considerations 7-7
Access/Security Considerations 7-8
Comparison of Treatment Processes 7-9

Chapter 8
Design References and Examples General 8-1
Military Design Manuals 8-2
National Small Flows Clearinghouse (NSFC) Publications 8-3
Wastewater Design Manuals and Texts 8-4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-5
Wastewater Design Criteria and Example Matrices 8-6
Additional Design Examples 8-7

Chapter 9
General Wastewater System Design Deficiencies General 9-1
Overall Considerations 9-2
Conventional Design 9-3
Preliminary Unit Processes 9-4
Primary Treatment Unit Process 9-5
Secondary Treatment Unit Processes 9-6
Sludge Dewatering 9-7
Non-Conventional Plants 9-8
Land Application 9-9
Sludge Drying and Disposal 9-10
Sewer Collection Systems 9-11
Lift Stations 9-12

Chapter 10
Sludge Disposal General 10-1
Definitions 10-2
Management Standards 10-3
Toxic Metal Regulations 10-4
Effect of Land Application 10-5
Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction 10-6
Exclusions 10-7
Land Application Pollutant Limits 10-8
Land Application Management Practices 10-9
Surface Disposal Pollutant Limits 10-10
Pathogens and Vector Attraction Reduction 10-11
Pathogen Treatment Processes 10-12
Septage Applied to Agricultural Land, Forests, or Reclamation Sites 10-13
Wastewater Scum 10-14
Composting Methods 10-15
Composting Additives/Amendments/Bulking Agents 10-16
Equipment 10-17
Guidance 10-18

Total 7 MB 200 Page
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