Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration

9.1 Introduction
Air-conditioning • Air-Conditioning Systems • Air- Conditioning Project Development and System Design

9.2 Psychrometrics
Moist Air • Humidity and Enthalpy • Moist Volume, Density,Specific Heat, and Dew Point • Thermodynamic Wet Bulb Temperature and Wet Bulb Temperature • Psychometric Charts

9.3 Air-Conditioning Processes and Cycles
Air-Conditioning Processes • Space Conditioning, Sensible Cooling, and Sensible Heating Processes • Humidifying and Cooling and Dehumidifying Processes • Air-Conditioning Cycles and Operating Modes

9.4 Refrigerants and Refrigeration Cycles
Refrigeration and Refrigeration Systems • Refrigerants,Cooling Mediums, and Absorbents • Classification of Refrigerants • Required Properties of Refrigerants • Ideal Single-Stage Vapor Compression Cycle • Coefficient of Performance of Refrigeration Cycle • Subcooling and Superheating • Refrigeration Cycle of Two-Stage Compound Systems with a Flash Cooler • Cascade System Characteristics

9.5 Outdoor Design Conditions and Indoor
Design Criteria Outdoor Design Conditions • Indoor Design Criteria and Thermal Comfort • Indoor Temperature, Relative Humidity,and Air Velocity • Indoor Air Quality and Outdoor Ventilation
Air Requirements

9.6 Load Calculations
Space Loads • Moisture Transfer in Building Envelope •Cooling Load Calculation Methodology • Conduction Heat Gains • Internal Heat Gains • Conversion of Heat Gains into Cooling Load by TFM • Heating Load

9.7 Air Handling Units and Packaged Units
Terminals and Air Handling Units • Packaged Units • Coils •Air Filters • Humidifiers

9.8 Refrigeration Components and Evaporative Coolers
Refrigeration Compressors • Refrigeration Condensers •Evaporators and Refrigerant Flow Control Devices • Evaporative Coolers

9.9 Water Systems
Types of Water Systems • Basics • Water Piping • Plant-Building Loop • Plant-Distribution-Building Loop

9.10 Heating Systems
Types of Heating Systems

9.11 Refrigeration Systems
Classifications of Refrigeration Systems

9.12 Thermal Storage Systems
Thermal Storage Systems and Off-Peak Air-Conditioning Systems • Ice-Storage Systems • Chilled-Water Storage Systems

9.13 Air System Basics
Fan-Duct Systems • System Effect • Modulation of Air Systems • Fan Combinations in Air-Handling Units and Packaged Units • Fan Energy Use • Year-Round Operation and Economizers •Outdoor Ventilation Air Supply

9.14 Absorption Systems
Double-Effect Direct-Fired Absorption Chillers • Absorption Cycles, Parallel-, Series-, and Reverse-Parallel Flow

9.15 Air-Conditioning Systems and Selection
Basics in Classification • Individual Systems • Packaged Systems • Central Systems • Air-Conditioning System Selection • Comparison of Various Systems • Subsystems •Energy Conservation Recommendations

9.16 Desiccant Dehumidification and Air-Conditioning
Introduction • Sorbents and Desiccants • Dehumidification •Liquid Spray Tower • Solid Packed Tower • Rotary Desiccant Dehumidifiers • Hybrid Cycles • Solid Desiccant Air-Conditioning • Conclusions


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